Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America and in Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world’s fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous.Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America and in Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world’s fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous.Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America and in Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world’s fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous.